Keywords: adaptation; environment; plant diversity; plant science questions; societal importance; species interactions EN adaptation environment plant diversity plant science questions societal importance species interactions 464 469 6 03/21/23 20230415 NES 230415 Introduction In 2011, we published 100 important questions for plant science research pertaining to (A) society, (B) environment and adaptation, (C) species interactions, (D) understanding and utilising plant cells, and (E) diversity (Grierson I et al i ., [33]). Despite relevance to urgent challenges including climate change prediction, adaptation, mitigation, food security and human health, plant science has received far less funding than fields such as health research (e.g. £50 M for plant science vs £4.8 B for health research in the UK in 2018). One hundred important questions for plant science - reflecting on a decade of plant research Plant science has made important contributions to improving models of climate change and its consequences (Ikeda I et al i ., [40]; Rötter I et al i ., [76]; Merganicová I et al i ., [60]; Kawamiya I et al i ., [48]) (A6, D22). [Extracted from the article]