Aging Neuroanatomy There is considerable interest in understanding how brain aging impacts the brain physically. Cognitive decline is a major health concern and, although ordinarily considered in the context of neurodegenerative disease, it is clear that aging itself is a significant risk factor for memory loss and a decline in executive function. The issue of sex differences in brain aging has moved to the fore in neurobiology of aging research, especially since investigators now include females in studies as a matter of course. [Extracted from the article]