Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs429358 and rs7412, the most commonly investigated variants in the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) are crucial for APOEe4 carrier status determination. However, their association with inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the APOEe4 allele on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD dementia. The research was conducted on 36 patients with probable dementia due to AD. APOE rs429358 and rs7412 were analyzed using the Real-Time PCR method with allele-specific TaqMan assays, followed by the analysis of APOEe4 allele carrier status. Patients carrying at least one APOEe4 allele were assigned as APOEe4+. Core biomarkers (Aß42/40 ratio, t-Tau, p-Tau levels), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor necrosis factor-1 (TNF-1) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)) levels, were determined in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Seventeen patients (47.22%) were assigned as APOEe4+. CSF TNF-a levels were significantly higher in APOEe4+ AD dementia patients in comparison to APOEe4- patients (p<0.001), while no significant differences in IL-1 levels between these two groups were obtained. Correlation analysis showed that TNF-a negatively correlated with the Aß42/40 ratio (p=0.033), while positive correlation with t-Tau and p-Tau was observed (p=0.001, p=0.015, respectively). These findings highlight the potential significance of TNF-a in the context of APOEe4 positivity and its implications in AD pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]