The national matriculation test, also known as college entrance test, not only links the secondary education to tertiary education, but also is a connection between the universities and the society. Besides, the national matriculation test is a critical selection method for the nation and universities, through which, they can choose these excellent talents all over the country. As a result, students’ future development heavily relies on the final scores of this test. It is, thereby, not hard to witness that a focus on this national matriculation test coming from the education circle to the entire society. Neither Korea nor China are exceptions. Actually, both Korea and China, since their founding, pay great attention to the national matriculation test and put continuous efforts to reform the national matriculation tests systems respectively. Although there are many differences in their national matriculation tests systems due to the different state system between Korea (a capitalist state ) and China (a socialist state), similarities do exist in these two countries.The thesis aims to discover the fundamental causes of the problems which exist in the two states’ national matriculation tests systems through comparing these two systems, and provides the basis and primary materials for the reform schemes in terms of national matriculation tests systems.In order to achieve the goals above, the research was conducted in the following three aspects. Firstly, from the perspective of historic evolution, the author stated the establishment, development, changes and reforms of the national matriculation test systems in Korea and China respectively. Then, three parts including the subjects, the specific implementing forms in every phase and the factors considered in the merit-based enrollment were compared in the process of the national matriculation test systems’ reform in Korea and China in details. Secondly, the author deeply studied the current systems of the national matriculation tests applied in Korea and China and identified the differences and similarities between these two systems. To be specific, the paper mainly made specific comparison and explanation on the level of selection methods, admissions time, volunteer methods and the uniform admissions tests in two states’ current test systems. Thirdly, through researching the specific issues existing in the two states’ current test systems, the paper mainly compared six parts, which are the uniform test systems, special selection systems, the problems existed in the admissions systems, the universities’ autonomous rights of selection, the problems of overheating extracurricular tutorials and the issue of enrollment competition among undergraduates, so that the differences an similarities of two states’ problems could be explained.