China's elderly account for 20 percent of the world's elderly population, and is experiencing a rapid aging process. China's current task is to cope with the ageing population. The purpose of lifelong Learning is to improve the quality of life and it has important means to solve the problem of aging. Previously, most of the research on lifelong Learning targeting the elderly in China was mostly conducted on analysis of the current situation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationships among the lifelong Learning participation motivation, self-esteem , psychological empowerment, and quality of life of the elderly in China. The subjects of this study were 667 elderly people in Hebei Province, China, who were questionnaire surveyed on their motivation to participate in lifelong Learning, their self-esteem, their psychological empowerment, and their quality of life. The research results show that in the structural relationship among lifelong Learning participation motivation, self-esteem, psychological empowerment and quality of life of the elderly in China. The lifelong Learning participation motivation, self-esteem and psychological empowerment are the main factors affecting the quality of life. In addition, there are 3 media effects between participation motivation and quality of life. namely, the mediating effect of self-esteem, mediating effect of psychological empowerment, the chain mediating effect of self-esteem and psychological empowerment. Therefore, in the process of lifelong Learning for the elderly, we should pay attention to the participation motivation and self-esteem of the elderly and the cultivation of psychological empowerment. With the rapid increase of the elderly population, it is necessary to study the factors that will affect their lives. The results of this study are expected to be reflected in the formulation of lifelong education policies and the lifelong Learning plans for the elderly in China.