清末至民国时期,是一个土地交易十分频繁的时期,从现存土地交易契约文书数量及各种统计数据,还有这一时期的各种政策法令都可以看出这一 “繁荣”的景象. 这种“繁荣” 现象背后既反映出其特定时代背景下的特点,又有一脉相承性的习惯遵从. 造成这一现象的原因则是多方面的,既有经济发展的使然,也有政策法律的影响,还有天灾人祸下的无奈. 该时期在土地交易的制度上既有对前代的继承也有这一时期的发展创新,对主要土地交易契约类型进行分析,依据不同的标准根据契约实例对红契、白契,绝卖契、活卖契进行对比分析,表现出这一时期主要土地交易契约类型的特点,对这一时期土地交易原因做出归纳分析,主要包括赋税负担、自然灾害、移民潮、兵祸匪患四个原因.
In the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, is a very frequent land transaction period, from the existing land transaction contracts and the number of statistical data, and this period of various policies and laws can be seen in the “prosperity” picture. Behind this “boom” phenomenon not only reflects the characteristics of the specific background, and the consistency of the habit of compliance. The reasons for this phenomenon are in many aspects, not only because of the economic development, also affect the policies and laws, and natural calamities and man-made misfortunes under the helpless. The period of land transactions in the system is also the innovation and development of this period of previous generations, the main land transaction contract types were analyzed according to different standards according to the contract, for example red white, a kind of contract, the former contract for comparative analysis, shows the characteristics of this period of land contract the types, summarizes the analysis of the causes of land transactions during this period, including the tax burden, natural disasters, immigration, wars for four reasons.