金融安全网的几大支柱包括银行的审慎监管, 存款保险制度, 中央银行的最后贷款人职能, 以及银行倒闭后的处置.其中三大要素我国都已基本形成, 对于存款保险制度也一直在积极筹备之中, 在2015年5月国务院颁布了≪存款保险条例≫, 其法律性质属于行政法规, 正式意义上的立法, 内容也涉及到了存款保险制度的各个方面.但是由于我国初次建立存款保险制度, 仅仅是框架式设计, 属于立法雏形阶段, 在很大程度上还有待完善.其中, 该≪条例≫的设立是“为了建立和规范存款保险制度, 依法保护存款人的合法权益, 及时防范和化解金融风险, 维护金融稳定”而所针对的只是“银行业金融机构”进行投保存款保险, 在目前这种银行、证券、保险等金融机构混业经营日趋加速的情况下, 只面向银行业金融机构进行存款保险, 在制度设计上是否存在着另一方面的考量, 首先由小范围进行试点, 再慢慢扩大到整个金融行业.而其最重要的目的应该就是保护存款人的合法权益. 继中国≪存款保险条例≫出台之后一个月, 中韩两国正式签署≪自由贸易协定≫(FTA), 内容涵盖17个领域包含电子商务、竞争政策、货物及服务贸易、投资和规则等21世纪经济贸易议题.在关税减让方面, 中方零关税产品的实现达到税目的91%, 进口额的85%;韩方零关税产品的实现达到税目的92%, 进口额的91%.而随着两国自由贸易的进展, 韩国投资者来中国投资的脚步也将加快, 本文以中国的存款保险制度为中心, 通过对其发展历程, 制度设计的正当性以及制度建构等方面进行分析, 以及通过对中韩两国相关立法进行比较, 力图在FTA加速两国贸易往来之后, 以中国金融业发展变化过程中的一个缩影, 浅谈对韩国投资者的影响, 希望能够为韩国投资者来华后更好的发展提供借鉴.
The pillars of financial safety net include the prudential supervision of the banking system, the deposit insurance system, the lender of last resort role of central banks and the disposal of failed banks. In recent years numerous attempts have been made to prepare the deposit insurance system. Finally, in May 2015 the Deposit Insurance Act, whose legal nature belongs to formal administrative regulation and whose contents refer to every aspect of the deposit insurance system, was promulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. As the deposit insurance system is in the startup phase and in the legislation prototype stage, it is only a frame design and there exist still much left for improvement. The Deposit Insurance Act aims to establish and regulate the deposit insurance system, protect the legal rights and interests of the depositors in accordance with the law, timely prevent and defuse financial risks and maintain financial stability. The object of the deposit insurance abroad usually directs at the deposit of the financial institutions from the banking industry, securities industry and insurance industry. However, in China the Deposit Insurance Act merely applies to the banking industry. The author argues that the legislator emphasizes the primary goal of the deposit insurance should protect the legitimate interests of depositors, so the first is to carry out a small-scale pilot work and then the successful experiences would be popularized in the entire financial industry. After China’s Deposit Insurance Act was issued one month, China and South Korea officially signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA). This agreement covers 17 areas including electronic Commerce, competition policy, trade in service and goods, investment and rules which are the topics of economy and trade in 21 century. In terms of concession of tariff, China’s zero-tariff products account for 91% of the whole tax items, and 85% of imports. South Korea’s zero-tariff products reached 92% of the whole tax items, and 91% of imports. With the development of free trade between the two countries, investors of South Korea begin to quicken their pace to step into China. This paper focuses on Deposit Insurance System of China, analyzing the development course, legitimacy of system design and system construction of this system. By comparing the related legislation of the two countries, the paper attempts to talk about the impact of the change process in China’s financial industry on the investors of Korea after FTA accelerated the exchanges of the two countries. I hope this paper can provide some references to investors of Korea who want to start a venture in China.