The novel titled 「Les Misérables」 is a work in which people have great interest, and is an interesting research theme. Nevertheless, there is a lack of both domestic and international studies on the topic, creating a demand for related research. This study focused on analyzing the original novel based on historical consideration of the period and costume background, instead of following preceding analytical methods that focused on materials such as stage costumes in musicals or films. It analyzes the characteristics of the characters as expressed in 「Les Misérables」, and the costume descriptions. Thus, it can be said that the study is significant for it will help with development of performance costume and provide materials of historical research. The analysis was based on 180 excerpts from six 6 volumes of 「Les Misérables」. Around 150 different episodes in the book were referred. First, historical consideration of period and costume background increases understanding of the novel. Second, understanding of the entire construction and plot of the novel is gained through the stage of excavating and analyzing materials, which includes extracting social and cultural background and analyzing characteristics of the main characters. Also, this method examines the general costume style and mood characteristics by analyzing the costume expression of the main characters according to situation. Third, in the stage of analyzing and synthesizing, the costume image concepts of the main characters are clarified through analysis of costume according to situation. By analyzing 180 different excerpts, the age and gender of the main characters, social and cultural background, personality characteristics, and each situation-based costume expression of each character were examined. As a result of analyzing and synthesizing image concept and costume of the characters, the detailed costume expressions in the novel were found to include diverse costumes according to gender, age, class and situation, even if not necessarily following the basic style of the period.