During COVID-19, China launched a large-scale online teaching practice of “Disrupted classes, Undisrupted Learning.” Based on the existing online learning experiences scale, this study used a random sample to investigate the online learning experience of 387 college students from 29 provinces (cities) of China. The independent sample t-test was used to analyze the gender and regional differences in the online learning experience of college students. This study found that females had higher self-reported anxiety than males in online learning under the influence of the pandemic, which confirmed the physiological differences caused by gender differences in emergencies to a certain extent. College students in rural areas are significantly lower than students in urban areas in terms of family support, technical support, online interaction, and online engagement, but college students in rural areas are significantly higher than those in urban areas in terms of learning anxiety. The conclusions of this study provide constructive suggestions for online education in the post-pandemic era.