BACKGROUND:: More and more studied have reported quality of life and influence factors among hemodialysis patients; however, studies addressing quality of life in patients following renal transplantation were less, in particular, the reports were less aboard. OBJECTIVE:: To investigate effective methods of improving the quality of life in uremia patients following renal transplantation. METHODS:: A total of 116 uremia patients were divided into two groups: renal transplant recipients (n=62) and dialysis patients awaiting transplantation (n=54). There were 71 males and 45 females. Both groups were asked to estimate age, sex, marriage status, educational level, economic level, and medical cost by responding to a multidimensional questionnaire that sought information in the following areas: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), End Stage Renal Disease Symptom Checklist transplantation Module (ESRD-SCL), and Information about employment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:: There was no significant difference in age, sex, marriage status, educational level, economic level, and medical cost between the two groups. The BDI revealed that the depression level of renal transplant recipients was significantly lower than dialysis patients awaiting transplantation (P ≤ 0.01). The SF-36 revealed significantly higher values for transplant recipients in terms of physical functioning, general health perceptions, social functioning, and physical summary value (P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.01). ESRD-SCL revealed renal transplant recipients who had suffered from complications after surgery showed significantly worse levels of social functioning, general mental health, physical summary value (P ≤ 0.05) and a higher level of depression (P ≤ 0.05) compared to those without any complications related to the surgical procedure. Patients who had the transplantation procedure for more than one year showed worse general mental health than those within one year (P ≤ 0.05). Patients with a serum creatinine of more than 150 μmol/L had significantly greater limited cognitive capacity in comparison to those with less than 150 μmol/L (P ≤ 0.05). Despite higher quality of life after transplantation, the rate of vocational rehabilitation remained low. Besides physical factors, social support was demonstrated to have a profound positive influence on renal transplant recipients.Peng GJ, Wu YS, Chen YL, Zhang Z, Wang GC. Survey about quality of life in 116 uremia patients after renal transplantation. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu yu Linchuang Kangfu. 2011;15(5): 909-912. [http://www.crter.cn http://en.zglckf.com]