This Special Issue comprises original and review papersfrom engineering and medical professionals expounding onthe state of the art in engineering and the physical sciencesthat aim to enhance the performance of prosthetic devicesincluding socket prostheses and osseointegrated prostheses. Advances in physical science disciplines are poised torevolutionize how doctors and patients view and use prostheses. With monitoring and control capabilities, advancedprostheses can provide functionalities far beyond simplelimb extension and load support. Prostheses with built-insensing, embedded intelligence such as real-time monitoringand infection eradication, self-actuation, and control havebeen quickly advancing over the past 10 years or so. Giventhe rapid emergence of these transformative developments,this Special Collection is designed to collate a volume ofwork devoted to cutting-edge developments in advancesin intelligent prostheses that enhance medical care and thequality of life of patients with limb loss. Additionally, theseprosthetic functionalities and technologies may be utilized as“special wearables” to collect and mine human physiologicaldata in order to gain knowledge in fundamental scienceson neurological and biomechanical eff ects of injury andrehabilitation.