Based on the gray data analysis model, an improved gray data analysis model for operator is proposed to be applied to the prediction of key factors in the development of regional e-commerce industry. Firstly, the method of fractional order accumulation is improved by the inverse tangent function operator to achieve the effect of improving the accuracy of the operator processing data and making up the operator defect. Secondly, the combination of the improved operator and the gray data analysis model is achieved. The purpose of optimizing the traditional model is as follows. Finally, the application of the key factors affecting the development of e-commerce in Shaanxi Province is analyzed and the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified. The results show that the improved model has higher model accuracy and better prediction effect.