This paper aims to explore the development trends of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in personalized teaching within vocational education. The research findings indicate that AI technology can meet students' learning needs and interests through personalized learning and customized learning resource recommendations. Adaptive learning systems can automatically adjust learning content and difficulty based on students' abilities and progress, providing personalized learning support and feedback. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies offer students rich practical training and immersive learning experiences. The advancements in natural language processing and speech recognition provide intelligent learning interactions and support. Enhanced collaborative and social learning foster cooperation and interaction among students. However, the application of AI technology in vocational education also faces challenges such as data privacy and security, technical feasibility, and acceptability. Therefore, future research and practices need to pay further attention to these issues and seek solutions to ensure the sustainable development and effective implementation of AI technology in vocational education. In conclusion, AI technology holds immense potential for personalized learning and teaching in vocational education, driving the development of more intelligent, personalized, and collaborative learning approaches, enhancing students' learning outcomes and professional competencies, and providing teachers with more opportunities for instructional support and improvement. This is of great significance in cultivating talents who can adapt to future professional demands.