Emerging contaminants (ECs) are chemicals occurring naturally or by anthropogenic activities that have the possibility to go through the environment and pose detrimental biological and human health repercussions. Pharmaceuticals, biocides, flame retardants, disinfection byproducts, and microbiological poisons are providing a new and significant challenge to existing treatment procedures. Thus, important considerable research and development efforts have been made in the last two decades and continues to improve the effectiveness of various remediation techniques for addressing rising environmental threats. The present review discusses the phytoremediation approaches to remediate ECs from the polluted aquatic and terrestrial environment. These methods are sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for cleanup of various ECs from polluted soil, water, and air. This review also summarizes the fate, behavior, monitoring, ecological, and health issues connected with emerging contaminants, biological and micro contaminants present in soils, groundwater, and freshwater as well as the latest possibility for their removal. Efforts have also been made to cover the function of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of plants and its exopolysaccharides and biosurfactant which enhanced the rate of remediation process in a synergistic mechanism.