主要研究预先包装熟肉制品生产过程中主要食源性致病菌污染风险来源和变化趋势.以GB 29921-2021《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品中致病菌限量》中肉制品涉及的沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和致泻大肠埃希氏菌为研究对象,基于网络数据统计畜禽肉原料、生产过程环境和过程产品以及市售产品中这4 种致病菌污染监测结果,通过对比在产销过程不同阶段的检出情况,分析污染风险的变化趋势,为企业在生产过程中合理选择和开展致病菌监控提供建议.结果表明:畜禽肉原料中4 种致病菌污染较普遍,总检出率达到10.63%;生产过程中,单核细胞增生李斯特菌在生产环境中检出率为7.25%,沙门氏菌检出率为2.65%,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为1.07%,通过熟制工艺和生产过程卫生控制措施,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌检出率下降趋势明显大于单核细胞增生李斯特菌,结合单核细胞增生李斯特菌嗜冷、易形成生物膜且具有较高致病风险的生物学特性,建议企业重点关注该致病菌在生产过程中的污染风险,并将其列为致病菌监控指标.需要说明的是,因为致泻大肠埃希氏菌为新版GB 29921新增加的限量指标,所以污染监测数据少于其他3 种致病菌,后续应针对该致病菌加强监测力度.
This paper focuses on the risk sources and trends of contamination of major foodborne pathogenic bacteria during the production of prepackaged cooked meat products.Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in meat products are involved in the National Standards for Food Safety Pathogenic Microorganism Limits in Prepackaged Foodstuffs(GB 29921-2021).The contamination levels of these four foodborne pathogenic bacteria in raw poultry and livestock meat,the production environment,in-process products,and commercial meat products were statistically based on published data.By comparing the results of detection of these pathogenic bacteria at different stages of the production and marketing process,we analyzed the trend of the contamination risk,and provided some suggestions for enterprises to reasonably select and monitor pathogenic bacteria in the production process of meat products.The results showed that the contamination of the four pathogenic bacteria in raw meat was prevalent,and the total detection rate reached 10.63%.During the production process,the detection rates of Listeria monocytogenes,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in the production environment were 7.25%,2.65%,and 1.07%,respectively.The cooking process and the hygiene control measures decreased the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella more significantly than that of Listeria monocytogenes.Considering the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes,which is psychrophilic,easily forms biofilms,and has a high risk of causing disease,it is recommended that enterprises pay attention to the risk of contamination of this pathogen in the production process and list it as a pathogen monitoring indicator.It should be noted that since the pollution monitoring data of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli as a new limit indicator added in the new version of GB 29921 is less than that of the other three types of pathogens,monitoring efforts should be strengthened for this pathogen in the future.