The rapid outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected citizens’ daily lives in an unprecedented way. To curb the spread of the pandemic, governments have taken numerous measures, such as social distancing and quarantine, which entail inevitable psychological consequences namely stress and loneliness globally. To understand the differential impact of personality traits on the psychological consequences of COVID-19 we utilize data from a sample of 23,137 individuals from six European countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Portugal, and Switzerland) collected as part of the COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey. Across all countries, neuroticism robustly predicted perceived stress and loneliness warranting psychological interventions for people high in neuroticism providing them with suitable coping techniques. The previously established finding of extraversion as a buffer against stress and loneliness was not replicated, indicating that the circumstances of the pandemic might involve risk for people that usually are not prone to stress and loneliness.