Introduction. Endometriosis is a pathological condition associated with infertility. Many studies are aiming at understanding the genetic profile of endometriosis in order to identify novel management and treatment approaches. Materials and method. A recent literature search was conducted on the basis of PubMed, using the keywords “endometriosis”, “genetics” and “infertility”. Based on the articles by Almasi et al., 2021, Amirteimouri et al., 2019, Araujo et al., 2017, Ashary et al., 2020, Balasubramanian et al., 2018, Bianco et al., 2019, and Vassilopoulou et al., 2019, we tried to find the answers to questions about the genetic basis of endometriosis and its effects on infertile women. Results. Many genes and polymorphisms are involved in endometriosis. Cellular cycle-, proliferation- and apoptosis-related loci, detoxification genes, inflammation and autoimmunity-related genes, angiogenesis-related genes and hormonal function genes have been associated with endometriosis. Hoxa-10 is an important gene that is correlated with endometriosis, especially in infertile women. Another recent study has proven that the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines and other genes in the TLR3 cascade are upregulated in women with endometriosis. Furthermore, an important tool in the regulation of cell proliferation genes is the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family. The nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) regulates ID via CCAAT box region, suggesting a possible role in epigenetic changes of the endometrium. Another recent investigation revealed that ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes express differently in women with endometriosis. Recent papers also suggest that STAT4 polymorphisms are linked to endometriosis. Conclusions. There is a strong correlation between genetic evidence and endometriosis. Many genes are associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A better understanding of the difference in the genetic profile is important to understand the pathogenesis and for finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and novel targets for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]