An online sample of 528 people was asked to respond to a hypothetical scenario: If a police car came up right behind you with its lights flashing, how much would you worry that you would be killed? Participants also reported on whether they experienced aggressive behavior by police in the past (provoked or otherwise) and, if so, completed a measure of associated posttraumatic stress. At least some fear of being killed by police (FKP) in the rearview mirror scenario was reported by the majority (56%) of Black participants, 39% of those self-describing as "other or mixed" race, and 31% of Hispanic participants, as compared to 26% of those of Asian descent and 19% of those identifying as White. When the highest level of FKP was considered, Black participants were 12 times more likely than White participants to report "extreme" fear of death at the hands of police. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and more participants were also more likely than cisgender/heterosexual respondents to report both FKP (35% vs. 20%) and "extreme" FKP (8% vs. 3%). FKP was also more prevalent among those self-reporting unprovoked police aggression in the past and those for whom police aggression had led to posttraumatic stress disorder. Public Policy Relevance Statement: The findings of this study support the need to prevent and address structural racism and anti-LGBTQ+ behavior in North American society, including how it manifests in the behavior of law enforcement personnel. The prevalence of police-related PTSD among those reporting FKP highlights the potential benefits of offering trauma-focused assessment and treatment for those exposed to police aggression, whether or not such aggression is considered "deserved" or necessary. The current results also suggest that some attempts to flee or resist arrest reflect valid fear of being killed or badly injured by police, as opposed to arising from criminal intent. We recommend that additional training be provided to help law enforcement personnel identify instances where resistance is FKP-related and not requiring escalating police behavior. We also suggest the potential merits of an FKP defense in legal proceedings where escaping or resisting arrest is part of the narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]