Isthmocele is defined as a pouch-like defect of the anterior uterine wall, at the level of the uterine isthmus, connected to the uterine cavity. On that basis, when a woman complains post-menstrual spotting, pelvic pain, or secondary infertility/subfertility arise after a cesarean section, an isthmocele should be suspected and investigated, being the treatment possible and effective. Consistently, the prevalence of isthmocele, defined for this reason also cesarean scar defect, increases with the number of previous cesarean sections. [Extracted from the article]