PURPOSE OF STUDY: Despite an overall downward trend in infectious disease mortality in the United States, rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis and HCV-related deaths are on the rise. HCV can be transmitted at birth from mother to infant, which is of concern because HCV rates are rising for reproductive-aged women. CDC surveillance data suggests that American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals are at increased risk for HCV infection, however there are currently no studies that look at the prevalence of HCV infection in AI/AN mothers. METHODS USED: Data were analysed using birth records at the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) from 2011 to 2015. These datasets contain records of every birth in the US, and include demographic and medical information on the mother and newborn. Multivariate analysis was conducted evaluating the relationship between HCV positivity, maternal age, education level, multiparity, smoking, initiation of prenatal care, as well as reported infection with Hepatitis B (HBV), gonorrhoea, and chlamydia. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Of the 43647 AI/AN women who gave birth in 2015, 500 were HCV positive. Results of analysis show a rise in the reported cases of HCV, from 0.58% in 2011 to 1.13% in 2015 (CI: 0.53%–0.62% and 1.03%–1.23%). This is roughly three times the reported rate of HCV infection for the general population (0.21% in 2011, 0.37% in 2015). Tobacco use during pregnancy and HBV infection have the strongest correlation with HCV positivity. Teenage mothers were three times less likely to have HCV than older mothers. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of reported HCV infections has nearly doubled in AI/AN mothers between 2011 and 2015 and and rate in AI/AN is increasing faster than the general population. This study is limited be lack of information on testing rates, which may affect the rate of detection of HCV between populations. Further studies are needed to address this. This investigation increases our understanding of which populations are at risk and which factors are associated with an increased risk, and can eventually impact screening, treatment and prevention.