In this study, the heat transfer and frictional pressure drop characteristics of R-410A and R-32 in a plate heat exchanger are experimentally evaluated and compared. The investigation encompasses two-phase condensation, single-phase vapor, and liquid cooling experiments for both R-410A and R-32, as well as an independent single-phase water heat transfer experiment. The influence of heat flux, mass flux, condensing pressure, mean vapor quality, and single-phase refrigerant Reynolds number on heat transfer and pressure drop is assessed. Results reveal that heat transfer performance and frictional pressure drop increase with higher mass flux and mean vapor quality and decrease with lower condensing pressure in two-phase condensation experiments. Additionally, raising the heat flux improves heat transfer performance while exerting negligible impact on frictional pressure drop. In single-phase cooling experiments, both heat transfer performance and frictional pressure drop increase as the refrigerant flow rate rises. Based on the experimental results, Nusselt number and friction factor correlations for R-410A and R-32 in both two-phase and single-phase flows are developed and compared with correlations from other studies. Finally, energy-saving performances are evaluated and compared using the results from this study and other research.