We introduce a new class of triangulated categories, which are Verdier quotients of three-Calabi-Yau categories from (decorated) marked surfaces, and show that its spaces of stability conditions can be identified with moduli spaces of framed quadratic differentials on Riemann surfaces with arbitrary order zeros and arbitrary higher order poles. A main tool in our proof is a comparison of two exchange graphs, obtained by tilting hearts in the quotient categories and by flipping mixed angulations associated with the quadratic differentials.
Comment: 46 pages, final version, online published in J. reine angew. Math. (Crelle's Journal). Reorganized/shorten as request by referees. Sec.6 and 7 in Version 1/2 are gone (may reappear in future works)