PurposeTo evaluate the association of body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction in preschool children. MethodsA cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 10 randomly-selected kindergartens were recruited. Ocular biometric parameters were measured using non-contact partial-coherence laser interferometry. Cycloplegic refractions were obtained by a desktop autorefractor. Body height and weight were measured using standard procedures.ResultsA total of 373 preschoolers were included. Only the right eyes were analyzed. Ocular biometrics, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius curvature (CR), and axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL-to-CR ratio), were positively associated with height and weight (pConclusionTaller and heavier preschoolers had eyes with longer AL, deeper vitreous chamber, and flatter cornea. The significant associations between body stature and ocular biometric parameters reveal the driving influence of body development on the growth of eyeballs in preschoolers.